期末商品の評価 / Inventory valuation

I wasn’t sure whether or not to take notes for this topic since it seemed to be basically common sense. It’s here anyway mainly so that I can remember the words in Japanese.

棚卸資産の取得原価 = 購入代金 + 付随費用

4 ways

There are 4 ways to value current inventory

1. 個別法
2. 先入先出法 / First In First Out
3. 総平均法 / Average (over a specific time period)
4. 移動平均法 / Moving Average

Then there’s the secret, hidden 5th method: 後入先出法 / Last In First Out. It used to be allowed but has sinced be removed from the standards. You still need to study it, because there will be questions comparing it against the currently accepted ones.

Terminology

期末商品帳簿棚卸高

The 棚卸高 on the books / 帳簿, before losses.

期末商品実地棚卸高

The 棚卸高 in reality / 実地, losses due to theft or whatever other reasons.

原価性

原価性 = 売上や製造に欠かせない必須のコスト

Conditions that define whether a loss should be considered a 原価(仕入) / cost or a 特別損失 / Special Expense or Extraordinary Loss. 営業外費用 is also often used in practise, but for the exams, stick to 特別損失.

Basically, there’s only ever 1 condition that allows 原価性, everything else doesn’t.

These expressions are often used in the exams, so watch out for these to be sure which is and isn’t 原価性.

How it’s treated in the books (帳簿)